The home security alarm system is a security system that uses various functional detectors to provide overall protection for the surroundings, space, environment, and people of residents’ houses. With the continuous development of science and technology, the popularization of computer technology worldwide, and the rapid rise of intelligent residential areas in people’s need for a better life, the development of home security products has undergone unprecedented changes. The security system in residential areas has evolved from local to remote, gradually moving closer to the core of the community – the home. The role of home security alarm systems is becoming increasingly important.

1 Classification of home security alarm systems

(1) According to functional classification, home security alarm systems mainly have three functions: security alarm, fire alarm, monitoring and protection.

• Security alarm: The home security alarm system mainly senses abnormal changes through detectors such as door contacts, infrared sensors, and glass detectors at the sensing end. When the security alarm system detects abnormal situations, it automatically sends the alarm to relevant departments and personnel.
• Fire alarm: The smoke alarm system in the kitchen, combustible gas leak identification alarm technology, water leak detection technology, and so on are all essential functions for home safety.
• Monitoring and protection: Automatically detect key health parameters such as body temperature and pulse of the elderly, and send them to the home security management platform and medical rescue center for rapid detection of suspicious and critical situations. If necessary, the home security alarm system will be automatically activated.

(2) Classified by usage type: Home security alarm systems can be divided into network and single types.

• Network type: The home security alarm system is connected to the community security alarm monitoring center, and the security and management of the community are handled by specialized property departments, reducing the worries of homeowners.
• Single type: When there is no unified opinion on security alarm system in the entire community, some users are willing to install it while others are unwilling, then for users who want to install security alarm systems, a single unit structure can be adopted. On the other hand, there are many problems with the renovation of old residential areas, such as the need to rewire and reinstall network security alarm systems, as well as transition to single unit layouts.

2 Principles of home security alarm system

The home security alarm system utilizes a security alarm panel to connect various detectors wirelessly or wired, achieving functions such as burglar alarm.

The home security alarm system is an important facility for preventing accidents such as theft, robbery, and fires. The security alarm panel is connected to a landline, broadband, or wireless network. Once an emergency occurs, it can quickly notify the owner and security personnel, facilitating the rapid adoption of emergency measures to prevent accidents or the expansion of disasters.

3 Components of home security alarm system

The home security alarm system usually consists of a security alarm panel, various detectors, and user operating components (keypad, remote control, etc.). It can be functionally divided into three main parts: detection part, on-site processing part, and post-processing part.

A detector is composed of sensors and signal processing, used to detect intruders’ intrusion behavior or smoke, etc. It is a device composed of electronic and mechanical components, and is the key to security alarm systems. Sensors are the core components of alarm detectors. By using sensor devices with different principles, alarm detection devices of different types, purposes, and achieving different detection objectives can be constructed. The types of detectors mainly include door contacts, PIR motion sensors, active infrared sensors, panic buttons, smoke detectors, gas detectors, etc. These components constitute the detection part of the security alarm system. The security alarm panel with on-site audio alarm and automatic dialing of preset telephone voice alarm functions, as well as the landline and dedicated data line, constitute the on-site processing part and post-processing part.